aka: chief lighting technician
A gaffer is the head of the lighting department on a film set. They are responsible for turning the cinematographer’s lighting plan into real-world setups using lights, power, and crew.
The role is highly technical and hands-on, with a strong focus on execution, safety, and keeping the shoot moving when lighting conditions change.
What Does a Gaffer Do?
A gaffer works closely with the cinematographer to design and execute the lighting for a production. While the cinematographer decides how the film should look, the gaffer figures out how to achieve that look on set.
They lead the lighting team and are responsible for both creative execution and practical considerations like power distribution and on-set safety.
| Stage | Typical responsibilities |
|---|---|
| Pre-production | Break down the script, attend production meetings, plan lighting approaches, assess locations for power and rigging needs, and help decide what lighting equipment is required. |
| Production | Lead the lighting crew, set up and adjust lights, manage power distribution, adapt lighting as scenes change, and solve lighting issues while keeping the set safe and on schedule. After filming, they oversee power-down, de-rig lighting setups, pack equipment safely, and prepare the lighting department for the next shoot day. |
| Post-production | N/A |
Who Does the Gaffer Work With?
- Cinematographer – works closely to achieve the film’s visual style.
- Best Boy Electric – manages crew, equipment, and logistics under the gaffer.
- Lighting technicians / electricians – carry out lighting setups and adjustments.
- Key Grip – coordinates rigging and support for lighting equipment.
- Director & Producer – balances creative intent with time and budget constraints.
How the Role Changes on Smaller Productions
On smaller or independent productions, the gaffer often works with a very small team, and sometimes alone. They may handle everything from lighting design to carrying gear, running cables, and operating lights themselves. This makes adaptability and problem-solving especially important on low-budget shoots.
Gaffer vs Cinematographer
The cinematographer decides the overall visual style and lighting direction of the film. The gaffer is responsible for executing that plan on set by managing the lighting crew, equipment, and power needed to make it happen.